The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long located in the heart of Hanoi, Vietnam, is a must-see for anyone interested in Vietnam’s royal history. As the central power base of the country for over 13 centuries, this imposing citadel has witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties and contains a treasure trove of historic sites within its ramparts.
Where is Imperial Citadel of Thang Long?
The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is located in Ba Dinh District in central Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. It sits in the historic center of Hanoi, alongside landmarks like Hoan Kiem Lake and the bustling Old Quarter.
The citadel occupies an area of over 19 hectares right in the midst of modern Hanoi. It is bordered by Hoang Dieu Street to the northwest and by Đinh Tiên Hoàng Street on the northeast. The southeast corner sits next to Quán Thánh Temple and the southwest corner faces Quốc Tử Giám Street.
Despite its central location, the grounds of the citadel feel like a peaceful oasis in the heart of the busy city. Lush garden spaces, historic pavilions, and ancient ruins provide a serene contrast to the energy of modern Hanoi just outside the citadel walls.
Imperial Citadel of Thang Long History
The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long has a long and storied past stretching back over 13 centuries. It was founded in the 11th century by Emperor Lý Thái Tổ, the first ruler of the Lý Dynasty.
- Originally built in the year 1010, the citadel served as the seat of power for the Lý Dynasty until the early 13th century.
- When the Trần Dynasty rose to rule Vietnam in the 13th-14th centuries, they made additions and renovations to the citadel complex.
- In the 15th century, the Lê Dynasty and later Mạc Dynasty continued using the citadel as the royal administrative center.
Major restoration efforts were undertaken by the Nguyễn Dynasty in the early 19th century. The Nguyễn emperors expanded the citadel into a grand complex reflecting Vietnam’s power and prestige.
Throughout its long history, the citadel has been the political and ceremonial epicenter of royal power in Vietnam. It has borne witness to the rise and fall of successive dynasties, historic coronations, and momentous decisions impacting the nation.
The Imperail Citadel of Thang Long holds both national and universal importance for its cultural legacy. Its longstanding status as the royal capital showcases Vietnam’s sovereignty and independence maintained over centuries.
The citadel also contains structures, artifacts, and ruins that depict the continuous history and cultural exchange between Vietnam and neighboring civilizations like China, Champa, and Southeast Asia.
In recognition of its outstanding cultural significance, UNESCO designated the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long a World Heritage Site in 2010. Its ancient palaces, pavilions, temples, and archaeological remains provide invaluable insight into Vietnamese history and culture.
Imperial Citadel of Thang Long Opening Hours and Entrance Fee
The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is open year-round except for Tet Holidays.
Opening Hours:
- Tuesday – Sunday: 8:00 – 17:00
- Monday & National Holidays: Closed
Entrance Fee:
- Adult Ticket: VND 50,000
- Children under 15: Free
Note that an extra fee is charged for entrance to the excavation sites and some buildings like the Hanoi Flag Tower.
It’s recommended to visit the citadel complex early in the day to avoid crowds and heat. The earlier you arrive, the more time you’ll have to fully explore all the historic sites within the expansive grounds.
Explore the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long
The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long contains a wealth of historic treasures just waiting to be explored. Here are some of the key sites and attractions to see within the citadel complex:
The Main Gate (Doan Mon)
Doan Mon is situated to the south of Kinh Thien Palace, perfectly aligned with the Hanoi Flag Tower on the grand axis. Made from sturdy stones and bricks, the main entrance boasts a unique U-shaped structure, featuring five gates symmetrically placed along the central axis, known as the “righteousness axis” of the Imperial Citadel. The most prominent feature of Doan Mon is its watchtower gazebo design, adorned with three rolling arches.
The incorporation of rolling arch architecture not only adds a touch of elegance, but also provides exceptional load-bearing capabilities. In modern times, Doan Mon has become a popular spot for tourists visiting the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, drawn by its impressive and intricate architectural design, making it the perfect backdrop for capturing unforgettable memories.
Northern Gate (Cua Bac)
Chinh Bac Mon, also known as Cua Bac, stands proudly on Phan Dinh Phung Street. It is the only remaining entrance to the Hanoi Citadel from the Nguyen Dynasty, which was rebuilt in 1805 on top of the original Northern Gate foundation from the Le Dynasty.
Atop the gate sits a lookout tower where the imperial soldiers had a strategic vantage point to survey both the citadel’s surroundings and interior, allowing them to closely monitor the movements of their enemies.
Today, efforts are underway to partially restore the Hanoi Citadel in honor of its rich history and notable figures such as Nguyen Tri Phuong and Hoang Dieu, who valiantly sacrificed themselves during the defense of Thang Long Royal Citadel against the French.
Hanoi Flag Tower
Situated on Dien Bien Phu Street, the Hanoi Flag Tower was erected in 1812 during the reign of King Gia Long in the Nguyen Dynasty. It stands as one of the few architectural marvels in Hanoi that remained unscathed by the French colonial rule from 1894 to 1897.
On October 10th, 1954, the first time the red flag with a yellow star, also known as the National Flag, was raised atop the Hanoi Flag Tower. This momentous occasion marked the complete liberation of Hanoi and holds great historical significance. The tower itself was officially recognized as a cherished monument in 1989.
Kinh Thien Palace
The illustrious Kinh Thien Palace, where King Le Thai To was crowned in 1428, has played a pivotal role in the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long. From hosting significant court ceremonies and receiving esteemed foreign guests to facilitating crucial discussions on national affairs, this palace has been a cornerstone of power and prestige. Despite its humble remains, the foundation and entrance that remain today provide a glimpse into the splendor of the Kinh Thien Palace during the Le Dynasty.
Lady Pavilion
Hau Lau, previously known as Tinh Bac Lau which translates to “the palace that brings peace to the North,” covers an area of approximately 2,392 square meters. It was established during the Later Le dynasty and served as the residence and daily hub for queens and princesses.
The palace was constructed using bricks and features a traditional Vietnamese architectural style with its multi-level roofs adorned with crescent-shaped blades.
During the late 19th century, Hau Lau was often referred to by the French as the “Pagoda des Dames” or “pagoda of women.” Unfortunately, it suffered significant damage during this time. However, the French later restored and reconstructed the palace, maintaining its current appearance.
D67 Revolutionary House
The construction of the D67 Revolutionary House took place on the northern grounds of Kinh Thien Palace, also known as the General Headquarters. This location served as a crucial hub for devising strategic plans, offering the nation valuable opportunities to wage war against the United States.
Today, the D67 Revolutionary House stands as a preserved and utilized monument, playing a vital role in honoring and advancing Vietnam’s revolutionary legacy.
Archaeological Sites
In this area, experts in the field of archaeology have unearthed a wide range of impressive buildings and objects that date back over 1300 years. These layers of historical remnants were gradually accumulated throughout the ages, starting with the Dai La Dynasty from the 7th to 9th century and ending with the Nguyen Dynasty spanning from 1802 to 1945. This extraordinary characteristic greatly enhances the significance and uniqueness of these ancient artifacts.
Imperial Citadel of Thang Long Reviews
The sprawling Imperial Citadel of Thang Long draws crowds of both local and international visitors who find exploring its historic rewarding. Here are some reviews that capture the experience:
“So much history and culture packed in one place. The ancient palaces, temples, gates, towers – it was amazing to walk on stones trod by so many emperors and kings.”
“Don’t miss the imperial dragon staircase! The excavation sites were cool too, really interesting to see the archaeological foundations from different dynasties.”
“The tranquil vibe inside the citadel walls feels worlds away from the city. A must-visit to immerse yourself in Vietnam’s ancient royal past.”
“The sweeping views of Hanoi from the top of the Flag Tower were phenomenal. Well worth paying the small fee to climb to the observation deck.”
“Come early when it opens to avoid crowds. There is a lot of ground to cover if you want to see all the key landmarks and sites within the citadel.”
Overall, most visitors find a trip to the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long to be a highlight when exploring Hanoi. Wandering amidst the historic palaces, monuments, and ruins provides fascinating insights into Vietnam’s long dynastic history as an independent nation.
Attractions Near Imperial Citadel of Thang Long
The Imperial Citadel is surrounded by several other top attractions around Hanoi that are easy to pair together on a visit. Nearby sights include:
Hanoi Old Quarter: A short distance to the northwest, lies Hanoi’s lively Old Quarter, boasting a rich heritage of over a millennium. Stroll through its quaint alleys adorned with skilled craftsmen, ancient temples, vibrant markets, and charming tube-shaped houses.
Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum: Experience the sight of Uncle Ho’s well-preserved remains at the grand mausoleum located south of the citadel. This revered landmark holds great significance for countless Vietnamese as a sacred destination.
Hoan Kiem Lake:The heart of Hanoi boasts a central lake, home to the enchanting Ngoc Son Temple situated on its own island. This iconic location is not only a popular tourist destination, but also a cherished spot for locals to come together and enjoy the beauty of their city.
Ngoc Son Temple:The renowned Ngoc Son Temple stands gracefully on an islet within the Hoan Kiem Lake, with a history dating back to the 1700s as a Buddhist place of worship.
West Lake Hanoi: The expansive West Lake provides a serene sanctuary from the hustle and bustle of urban life, adorned with lush gardens, elegant pagodas, and charming lakeside cafes perfect for unwinding.
Temple of Literature: The first ever university in Vietnam, established in 1070, is a peaceful haven filled with tranquil gardens and structures dedicated to the teachings of Confucius.
Places to Eat near Imperial Citadel of Thang Long
Sampling delicious Vietnamese food is a must-do while visiting Hanoi. Famous local specialties to try near the Imperial Citadel include:
Bun Cha Obama: At the Bun Cha Obama eatery, delectable grilled pork is served alongside vermicelli noodles, in a nod to the former president’s own dining experience at this establishment.
Pho Bat Dan: For the ultimate Vietnamese noodle soup adventure, brave the queue at the cozy Pho Bat Dan and savor the piping hot bowls of pho.
Banh Mi Hanoi: These renowned baguette sandwiches, filled with various meats, pâté, tangy vegetables, and spicy chili, can be found throughout the historic Old Quarter.
West Lake Shrimp Cake:The area around West Lake is known for fried shrimp cakes served over vermicelli.
Egg Coffee: Experience the one-of-a-kind Vietnamese delicacy of egg coffee, skillfully prepared right at your table at various cafes near Hoan Kiem Lake. The heavenly combination of creamy custard and rich coffee is a true delight for the senses.
Conclusion
A visit to Hanoi’s Imperial Citadel of Thang Long offers a captivating glimpse into Vietnam’s long dynastic history and culture. Wandering through the ancient palaces, monuments, gates, and pavilions within the citadel is like stepping back in time to Vietnam’s royal past. Nearby attractions like the Old Quarter and Hoan Kiem Lake complement a visit perfectly. Don’t miss sampling delicious Vietnamese street food during your time exploring the sights of Hanoi too. With its treasury of historic sites and ruins, the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is undoubtedly a must-see for understanding Vietnam’s heritage as an independent nation ruled by dynasties for over a millennium.
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